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Number of results: 4( AU:alipour )

Article

Islamic shari'a law, neotraditionalist Muslim scholars and transgender sex-reassignment surgery : A case study of Ayatollah Khomeini's and Sheikh al-Tantawi's fatwas  / M. Alipour.

International Journal of Transgenderism, 18 (2017) 1 (jan-mar), p. 91-103
source: International Journal of Transgenderism year: 18 (2017) 1 (jan-mar), p. 91-103
resume: The attitude of Islamic scholarship and law with regard to the issue of transgender sex-reassignment surgery is still an important subject for Muslim transgender people. This operation was mostly regarded as sinful, thus prohibited (haram) in Islam by both Sunni and Shi'a traditional scholars. But in the late 1980s, sex-reassignment surgery was legalized (made halal) in shari'a and/or in state law by the fatwas of Ayatollah Khomeini in Iran and Sheikh Muhammad al-Tantawi in Egypt. It seems that these fatwas should initially be considered as an indication of Islamic tolerance toward transgender Muslims. This article explains how the transgender Muslims? situation prompted the fatwas on sex-reassignment surgery and, therefore, how the fatwas, ultimately, expanded the scope of Islamic tolerance. The paper analyzes the main juridical reasons behind Khomeini and Al-Tantawi issuing such progressive fatwas through their classical methodology of understanding the Islamic concept of ijtihad. Following the same methodology, the article, as further discussion, offers to open up an Islamic debate over similar and related cases, such as homosexuality and bisexuality, aiming to improve Islamic tolerance or acceptance of these phenomena.
subjects:
signature: ts.

dgb artikelen (alipo/isl)
Islamic shari'a law, neotraditionalist Muslim scholars and transgender sex-reassignment surgery : A case study of Ayatollah Khomeini's and Sheikh al-Tantawi's fatwas
ts. dgb artikelen (alipo/isl)
M. Alipour.
International Journal of Transgenderism
18
(2017)
1
(jan-mar)
91-103
N300231
Article

Same-Sex Desires and Acts in Islam : A Methodological- Theological Reflection on Kugle's and Naraghi's approaches  / Mehrdad Alipour.

New Research Voices : International Journal of Rearch from the Frontline, 1 (2016) 1 (jan), p. 54-74
source: New Research Voices : International Journal of Rearch from the Frontline year: 1 (2016) 1 (jan), p. 54-74
resume: Although the study of 'homosexuality' as a 'new' phenomenon might be unacceptable from a world religious perspective, including Islam, religious investigation of 'same-sex desires and acts' which is somehow similar to homosexuality, and which has existed since ancient times, is plausible. With regards to investigating an Islamic approach, while most traditional Muslim scholars have condemned same-sex desires and acts, some revisionist Muslims have proposed more tolerant perspectives over the last two decades. Scott Kugle and Arash Naraghi are two of these scholars who are struggling to establish a more tolerant interpretation. They believe that Islam, in particular Qur?an, has accepted the reality of difference and diversity within human society, including sexual diversity. Their support of same-sex desires and acts is based on 'essentialist epistemology'. In this paper, I shall try to examine Kugle's and Naraghi's methodological processes to demonstrate the similarities and differences of these two approaches. I shall then address the benefits and limitations of their interpretations, including the limitations of the essentialist epistemology, due to provide the subject with a critical philosophical reflection built on an innovative paradigm shift in Ijtihad.
subjects:
signature: dgb artikelen (alipo/sam)
Same-Sex Desires and Acts in Islam : A Methodological- Theological Reflection on Kugle's and Naraghi's approaches
dgb artikelen (alipo/sam)
Mehrdad Alipour.
New Research Voices : International Journal of Rearch from the Frontline
1
(2016)
1
(jan)
54-74
N301013
Article

Essentialism and Islamic Theology of Homosexuality : A Critical Reflection on an Essentialist Epistemology toward Same-Sex Desires and Acts in Islam  / M. Alipour.

Journal of Homosexuality, 64 (2017) 14, p. 1930-1942
source: Journal of Homosexuality year: 64 (2017) 14 , p. 1930-1942
resume: Although most traditional Muslim scholars condemn same-sex desires and acts, revisionist Muslim scholars have offered a more tolerant approach on this issue over the last two decades. Building on an essentialist approach to same-sex desires and acts, these scholars have argued that Islam accepts difference and diversity, including sexual diversity, as part of God's creation. Homosexuality, which in their view is an innate disposition to the same sex, is an alternative sexuality and, thus, accepted by the Qur'an and Islam. This article argues that an essentialist approach is not suitable to defend all manifestations of same-sex desires and acts, not only because it is narrow (as it excludes both bisexual Muslims and homosexual Muslims who believe that their sexual orientation is socially constructed), but also because it cannot even argue the case for the view of homosexuality as inborn. This article proposes to open up the debate beyond essentialism and constructivism, which both have their limitations, to accommodate a more inclusive and tolerant Islamic approach to same-sex desires and acts.
subjects:
signature: ts.
Essentialism and Islamic Theology of Homosexuality : A Critical Reflection on an Essentialist Epistemology toward Same-Sex Desires and Acts in Islam
ts.
M. Alipour.
Journal of Homosexuality
64
(2017)
14
1930-1942
N301885
Article

Transgender Identity, The Sex-Reassignment Surgery Fatwas and Islamic Theology of A Third Gender  / M. Alipour.

Religion & Gender, 7 (2017) 2, p. 164-179
source: Religion & Gender year: 7 (2017) 2 , p. 164-179
resume: Although in the late 1980s, transgender sex-reassignment surgery was legalized (made halal) in shari'a and/or in state law by the Fatwas of Ayatullah Khomeini in Iran and Shaykh al-Tantawi in Egypt, the issue of whether Islamic theology accepts transgender people as third gender remains underdeveloped. The traditional Islamic line on gender divisions has been criticised for being established on the basis of the binary logic of male and female gender which leaves no capacity to accept a third gender in traditional Islamic theology. Therefore, the fatwas of both Khomeini and al-Tantawi were issued on the basis of the binary logic of male and female gender. However, this article argues that although al-Tantawi's fatwa was vague and clearly built on a gender binary logic, Khomeini's fatwa was issued on other grounds that may allow for a discussion on transgender Muslims as third gender. Moreover, the article argues that there is a discursive space within Muslim juridical texts which one may justifiably use to underpin an interpretation of a third gender in Islamic legal and theological debates.
subjects:
signature: dgb artikelen (alipo/tra)
Transgender Identity, The Sex-Reassignment Surgery Fatwas and Islamic Theology of A Third Gender
dgb artikelen (alipo/tra)
M. Alipour.
Religion & Gender
7
(2017)
2
164-179
N302754
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